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    About the Country


    Indian maps, Indian history, Indian regions, Indian reference
    Background: The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, goes back at least 5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest invaded about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier inhabitants created classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish in 12th were followed by European traders beginning in the late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain had assumed political control of virtually all Indian lands. Nonviolent resistance to British colonialism under Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU led to independence in 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of India and the smaller Muslim state of Pakistan. A third war between the two countries in 1971 resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. Fundamental concerns in India include the ongoing dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir, massive overpopulation, environmental degradation, extensive poverty, and ethnic strife, all this despite impressive gains in economic investment and output.


    Map courtesy of www.theodora.com/maps
    used with permission.



    Geography

    Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan

    Geographic coordinates: 20 00 N, 77 00 E

    Area:
    total: 3,287,590 sq km
    land: 2,973,190 sq km
    water: 314,400 sq km

    Area - comparative: slightly more than one-third the size of the US

    Land boundaries:
    total: 14,103 km
    border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

    Climate: varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north

    Natural resources: coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land


    People

    Population: 1,065,070,607 (July 2004 est.)

    Population growth rate: 1.44% (2004 est.)

    Birth rate: 22.8 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

    Ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)

    Religions: Hindu 81.3%, Muslim 12%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other groups including Buddhist, Jain, Parsi 2.5% (2000)

    Languages: English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil (official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam (official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi (official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi (official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani (a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India)
    note: 24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible


    Government

    Government type: federal republic

    Capital: New Delhi

    Independence: 15 August 1947 (from UK)

    National holiday: Republic Day, 26 January (1950)

    Legal system: based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations


    Economy

    Economy - Overview: India's economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of support services. More than a third of the population is too poor to be able to afford an adequate diet. India's international payments position remained strong in 2000 with adequate foreign exchange reserves, moderately depreciating nominal exchange rates, and booming exports of software services. Growth in manufacturing output slowed, and electricity shortages continue in many regions.

    Exports - commodities: textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures

    Imports - commodities: crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

    Currency: Indian rupee (INR)


    Military

    Military branches: Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, Rashtriya Rifles, and National Security Guards)

    Military expenditures - dollar figure: $14,018.8 million (2003)


    Source of background and statistical data: The World Factbook
    For more on India, click here


    History of India


    Featured Reading
     Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence
    Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence

  • Jaswant Singh

  •  The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India
    The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India

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  • India's # 1 Maps Site, Currently over 4500 Maps, it has a built in Search Engine and Utilities like City Distance Search Engine, Pincode Search, STD Search, National Highways Search Engine, Road Companions and Distance Charts.
    Maps of India

    Maps Links
  • ArcData Online
  • Fact Monster
  • Gheos.com - Map of India
  • Map Machine National Geographic.com
  • Map of India
  • Map of India
  • MapQuest
  • Maps of India
  • Political Map for India


  • WorldAtlas.com

    WorldAtlas.com


    Reference Links
  • Atlapedia Online
  • CountryReports.org
  • Indian Saga
  • Library of Congress
  • Sandarbha
  • The World Factbook
  • World Desk Reference
  • WorldInformation.com



  • History Links
  • A Concise History of India
  • History of India
  • Internet Indian History Sourcebook
  • NM's Creative Impulse: India
  • Timeline of India
  • Vandemataram.com




  • Regional Links
  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Chandigarh
  • Dalhousie
  • Dhanbad City
  • Himachal Pradesh
  • Hyderabad
  • Kerala Online
  • Lucknow
  • Pune
  • Punjab





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